France and The European Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

France and The European Union - Essay Example French used twentieth-century phenomenon, in which it claims to be a monopoly of political, intellectual and moral leadership of European integration. In fact, by the 21st century political leadership of France seemed to be short in supply of European question, in difference with the demands from various sources - not necessarily aggregated or organized demands - for more, different Europe. The political system that France used to helped bring into being, the European Union poses challenges of many orders to all its member states; it is more than the sum of its parts. Where as France is concerned membership of the EU derives from a strong and invasive sense of imperative, or lack of alternative, that dates back to the Fourth Republic (1946-1958) and the foundations of what we know today as the EU. In fact, Parsons has demonstrated that in those years, the 'community' option for building Europe was not the only possible means of reaching France's primary foreign policy objective -national security via reconciliation with Germany - than more 'traditional' methods of European cooperation; but it had the most supporters, fewest opponents, and the best luck. Once France had embarked upon European community-building, the leaders of the Fifth Republic, de Gaulle included, turned France's European commitment into a virtue and a vehicle for its additional foreign policy objecti ves of rank and greatness, via defiant shows of national sovereignty and independence, and a constant balancing act between integration and autonomy; although De Gaulle, it must be said, set European integration on a new course: the sovereignty of the states and the Inter-governmental nature of the institutions was to be emphasized. French Relationship with European Union For many years it was more accurate to describe French relations with the European Union as a division of French foreign policy, this remains true to an imperative extent. In other terms, the French foundation for tying itself to the 1950s experiment in institution-building was borrowed from the vocabulary of international power relations, la construction European providing first and foremost a buffer between France and potential international aggression played out on its territory. Over time, the consequences of the commitment to ever closer union had the effect of creating its own domestic rationale. From de Gaulle to Chirac, via, crucially, Franois Mitterrand, Europe has taken on its own momentum, in the guise of processes of 'Europeanization', as an opportunity for domestic reform and a crutch for apparently ailing traditional ideologies (socialism, communism) - but against a backdrop where 'Europe' continues to have low salience in the French electorate. Since the early 1950s, France has embarked on a process of Europeanization, thereby accepting the unacceptable: the primacy of EU law, the entanglement of European and French organizational structures, and a new and reduced France as part of some larger entity. However, anti-international anarchy explanation for building Europe still holds for French decision-makers today, usually caricatured in the expression Europe puissance. France would cooperate with its European neighbours as a means of imposing French designs on the Cold War order, and of imparting a sense of national identity to the French. Though to a extensive

Nursing Case Review of 15 Year Old Girl Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nursing Case Review of 15 Year Old Girl - Essay Example Based on this information sexual health is a very broad subject that include information relating to ones own body and how its works, knowledge of the physical, emotional and social changes that take place during puberty, pregnancy, youth and ageing. Further, it includes the precautionary measures that are aimed at protecting sexuality of yourself and others, and measures that can be put in place when the safety is broke in instances such as unplanned pregnancy, rape, or sexually transmitted diseases. In essence, it will also entail information relating to responding to children’s sexual exploitations and behaviours to the level of understanding and maintaining safe and happy adult relationships (HealthInsite, 2011). Adolescence and sexual changes Sexual health is a life long part of human beings that accompany them from conception, birth, childhood, adolescence to adolescence. Adolescence is a period of life that is marked with the greatest sexual changes within the body of a person. It is marked by rapid numerous hormonal changes that transform the body of a girl into that of a woman and a boy into man. Thus, it is a transition period between the childhood and adulthood. In this stage, the general calmness and peacefulness of childhood is replaced by a rush of biological sensations, emotions, feelings, social challenges, and interpersonal questions that were never there before (Newton 2010). These transformations make an individual to start relating with other individuals of the same and opposite sex in different new ways that may involve sexual contact and intercourse. Revelation of sexuality brings many joys and physical pleasures but may turnout to be a very risky and destructive human behaviour. Sexual health issues outcomes When an adolescent engage in sexual contact and intercourse many outcomes may arise, thus for our 15 years old girl the following outcomes were possible. First, there is possibility of conception, which leads to unplanned pregn ancy (Weiss, 2009). This was a very likely outcome since studies have shown that age of first sexual intercourse is an important determinant of pregnancy risk with 46% of teenage girls and 22% of teenage boys who engage in their first sexual experience before the age 15 years having been involved in a pregnancy (Ehiri, 2009, p378). This outcome can be even worse especially where two teenagers (like in this case of a 15-year-old girl having unprotected sex intercourse with her 19-year-old boyfriend) who just began their sexual activity experience. Considering that this girl and her teenage boy friend they had not used any contraceptive during the intercourse unplanned pregnancy could have resulted which would have made her not likely to complete school education, more likely to face limited career and economic opportunities, and less likely than older women to obtain timely prenatal and postnatal care (Ehiri, 2009, p378). Research further show that babies from teenage mothers are mor e likely to be preterm, have low birth weight, and also are at greater risk of serious and long-term illness, development delays and death in the first year of life (WHO 2006). This mainly because they may have many issues to contemplate before starting a family or may even lack any means of sustaining one (Cherry 2001). With the rapid hormonal